Statistics Essentials For Dummies by Deborah J. Rumsey

Author:Deborah J. Rumsey
Language: eng
Format: azw3, pdf
ISBN: 9781119590248
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-05-14T00:00:00+00:00

Knowing which hypothesis is which

How do you know which hypothesis to put in and which one to put in ? Typically, the null hypothesis says that nothing new is happening; the previous result is the same now as it was before, or the groups have the same average (their difference is equal to zero). In general, you assume that people’s claims are true until proven otherwise.

Hypothesis tests are similar to jury trials, in a sense. In a jury trial, is similar to the not-guilty verdict, and is the guilty verdict. You assume in a jury trial that the defendant isn’t guilty unless the prosecution can show beyond a reasonable doubt that he or she is guilty. If the jury says the evidence is beyond a reasonable doubt, they reject , not guilty, in favor of , guilty.

In general, when hypothesis testing, you set up and so that you believe is true unless your evidence (your data and statistics) show you otherwise. And in that case, where you have sufficient evidence against , you reject in favor of . The burden of proof is on the researcher to show sufficient evidence against before it’s rejected. (That’s why is often called the research hypothesis, because is the hypothesis that the researcher is most interested in showing.) If is rejected in favor of , the researcher can say he or she has found a statistically significant result; that is, the results refute the previous claim, and something different or new is happening.

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